Skip to main content

Posts

Showing posts from September, 2019

Inspection Measures about 30×50 Crane Rail Quality

Inspection Measures about 30×50 Crane Rail Quality The quality of the 30×50 crane rail installation directly affects the quality of the crane’s operation. Only by grasping the quality control from the source can the installation quality of the 30×50 crane rail square steel bar be guaranteed. Through the understanding of the 30×50 crane rail installation technology, the inspectors can master the key parts and technical points of the inspection process, and ensure the quality of supervision and inspection. Span measurement 1.Tension measurement can be carried out with steel tape spring dynamometer. 2.The span should be measured at each column, and the selected points should be corrected by the diagonal method to improve the accuracy of the measurement. 3.The same tension should be used during the measurement and the measurement reading should be corrected. 4.The final measurement reading after the adjustment is completed shall be the official record of the acceptance of the work. As for...

Seamless Line Welding Technology of Crane Rail

Seamless Line Welding Technology of Crane Rail The seamless welding of the crane rail can significantly improve the smoothness of the crane rail, eliminate the harmful space generated by the crane rail joint and improve the service life of the crane rail. Welding of steel rails by arc welding began in the 1950s. With the method of using the end face of the rail end face, or the vertical welding method. It takes 3 to 5 hours to weld a joint, and some local areas cannot be effectively fused, so the welding quality is not ideal. The static bending strength is less than half of the other welding methods, and the service life is less than one year. In addition, the welding time is too long, and the labor intensity of the welder is large, so the actual use effect is poor. The narrow gap forced forming arc welding method is currently widely used in Japan and Europe, and is mainly used for wire welding of rails. Among them, Japan mainly applies to the Shinkansen’s orbital welding of trains. D...

QU80 Crane Rail Welding Material and Welding Process

QU80 Crane Rail Welding Material and Welding Process Since the shape of the end face of the QU80 crane rail is complicated, the welding of the QU80 crane rail waist and the QU80 crane rail top needs to be continuously performed. Such welding method is completely different from the slag removal of each section of the welding. It requires the viscosity of the slag of the electrode to be small at a high temperature and the specific gravity should be small. The slag is not easily wrapped in the weld metal during welding, and the slag floats in the separation of the liquid metal. According to the characteristics of this process, the previous slag system was adjusted to improve the alkalinity of the slag, appropriately increase the content of Mn in the alloy composition, and improve the process performance of the electrode. Before welding, the electrode is dried at 350 ° C – 400 ° C. Place the electrode in the insulated tub before use. The material of the QU80 crane rail is U71Mn, and the Q...

Research on QU100 Heavy Crane Rail Welding Technology

Research on QU100 Heavy Crane Rail Welding Technology With the continuous increase of import and export goods in the country, port cranes have become one of the main equipment for hoisting goods in ports. The crane is moving towards large tonnage and high efficiency. The crane rail installation is developed from the traditional rigid fixed rail to the welded joint. In view of the shortcomings of the welding process of the QU100 heavy crane rail , we have explored the QU100 heavy crane rail welding process. The components of QU100 heavy crane rail are sensitive to quenching during the slow cooling process, and the martensite structure is generated in the heat-affected zone to form a brittle hardening zone, which is prone to cracks. At the same time, due to the effect of the tissue stress on the weld metal, it may cause cracks in the overheated zone. During the welding process, part of the base metal is melted into the molten pool, which increases the carbon content of the weld metal and...

South Korea’s Posco Stainless Steel Production Fell Down

South Korea’s Posco Stainless Steel Production Fell Down Recently, South Korea’s Posco Steel (POSCO) released a report showing that in the second quarter of 2019, its stainless steel output was 466,000 tons, down about 6.4% from the previous quarter’s 498,000 tons and about 12.7 from the previous year’s 534,000 tons. Its stainless steel sales volume was 448,000 tons, down by about 11.5% and 15.2% from the previous season’s 506,000 tons and 528,000 tons in the same period of last year. The average price of stainless steel increased by 99,000 won/ton. In the same quarter, its crude steel output increased by 9.44 million tons compared with the previous month, while steel production decreased to 8.855 million tons due to production line maintenance. Steel sales volume was 8.746 million tons, of which sales to both domestic and foreign markets both decreased.The world’s top quality products (WTP) accounted for a year-on-year decline and the chain fell to 29.6%. Its sales fell to 7.476 tril...

ThyssenKrupp Targets ASEAN Additive Manufacturing Market

ThyssenKrupp Targets ASEAN Additive Manufacturing Market Recently, ThyssenKrupp released a research report on the potential of additive manufacturing in ASEAN countries. Additive Manufacturing (AM), commonly known as 3D printing, has become an important development direction for advanced manufacturing technology. Glory Steel Work could offer ABS shipbuilding steel plate for ASEAN countries shipbuilding industry. According to the report released by ThyssenKrupp, additive manufacturing has been widely accepted on a global scale, but progress has been slow in ASEAN countries, and the prospects for additive manufacturing in ASEAN countries are bright. According to the report, investment in ASEAN countries accounts for only 5% to 7% of Asia’s $3.8 billion budget this year. However, given the contribution of ASEAN countries to global manufacturing output, the market potential for additive manufacturing is huge. It is reported that the manufacturing output value accounts for 20% of the GDP o...

Measures for Aluminum Thermal Welding of Crane Rail

Measures for Aluminum Thermal Welding of Crane Rail The construction process of aluminum thermal welding of crane rail steel flat bar includes welding tool preparation, rail preparation, rail, card sanding, hoe preparation, preheating, ignition and pouring, unpacking, pushing tumor, grinding and cleaning the site. Welding materials include flux, sand, sealing mud, high temperature matches, helium, oxygen and propane. The above materials are consumable materials, in which aluminum heat soldering flux, soldering materials, etc. should be placed in a dry place to prevent any behavior that may cause the solder material to get wet. Welding tools include preheater, angle grinder, wire brush, clamp, steel ruler, pusher, special grinding machine, multi-purpose stick, slag hopper, saw rail machine, rail, and gauge. Construction materials, tools and equipment include crane rail steel flat bar, rail fasteners and backing plates, adjustable wrenches, track wrenches, crowbars, hand hammers, protec...

Aluminum Heat Welding Construction about Crane Rail

Aluminum Heat Welding Construction about Crane Rail At present, manual welding and fishplate connections are used in most of the crane rail steel square bar connections in industrial plants. Manual welding has low efficiency, high requirements for welders, and the quality of the crane rail steel square bar joints is not easy to control. The connection of the fishplate is convenient, but because the joint is not connected, the wheel and the wheel axle are easily worn, which affects the service life of the equipment, indirectly causing greater loss of production stoppage, and heavy maintenance work is heavy. In order to improve work efficiency, reduce the drawbacks of conventional methods of crane rail sqaure steel bar docking construction in industrial plants, extend equipment maintenance cycle, and increase economic benefits, the railway professional crane rail steel square bar aluminum heat welding technology is applied to the docking construction of industrial plant crane rail steel...

Heat Treatment of 50×50 Crane Rail Square Steel After Welding

Heat Treatment of 50×50 Crane Rail Square Steel After Welding After the 50×50 crane rail square steel is welded and the module is removed, the welded joint should be heat treated in time to slow down the cooling rate, improve the structure and performance of the joint, and simultaneously make hydrogen easily diffuse and discharge to reduce the occurrence of cold cracks. Considering the conditions at the construction site, the 50×50 steel square bar joints are treated with medium temperature tempering with oxyacetylene flame. The torch flame is adjusted to a neutral flame, and the welding zone is heated simultaneously on both sides of the 50×50 crane rail square steel by two welding torches, from top to bottom, and repeated until the temperature of the welded joint reaches about 350°C. A torch can be used for insulation. Reduce the jet velocity of the mixed gas and the temperature of the flame, and use the welding torch to continuously heat the weld on both sides of the 50×50 crane rai...

Welding Process of 40×60 Crane Rail Flat Bar

Welding Process of 40×60 Crane Rail Flat Bar Regarding the pre-weld treatment, the iron oxide, floating rust and various impurities of the end face of the 40×60 crane rail flat bar should be thoroughly polished with a sander before the hoisting is in place. A heat-insulating tile should be placed between the 40×60 crane rail flat bar and the rubber pad to protect the pad from heat loss. A gap of 15mm to 20 mm is reserved for the adjacent two rails as a welding spacer. Since the base material has high carbon content, large rigidity, and large thickness, an alkaline low-hydrogen welding rod with high resistance to cold cracking, high thermal cracking resistance and the same strength level must be selected. Before use, the electrode will be placed in a 350°C to 400°C insulation tube. During welding process, we should select welding rods with diameters of 4mm and 5mm with a welding machine, and reverse the DC to reduce the splash of metal and the pores in the weld. Pre-welding preheating ...

Aichi Steel invests $7 million in Vardhman Special Steel in India

Aichi Steel invests $7 million in Vardhman Special Steel in India Recently, Japanese special steel manufacturer Aichi Steel Co., Ltd. and India Vardhman Special Steel Co., Ltd. signed a $7 million agreement at a ceremony held in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Vardhman Special Steel announced a new partnership with Aichi Steel Japan, a subsidiary of Toyota Motor Corporation of Japan. Aichi Steel will purchase approximately 11.4% of Vardhman Special Steel and provide technical assistance. The company will be able to supply steel for critical and specific applications in today’s and tomorrow’s automotive industries. Aichi Steel will send three people to India and will continue to provide additional key support from the headquarters. The complementary product portfolio of management, products, technology and services provided by Aichi Steel provide end users with special steels with years of expertise and proven technical support. This will help Vardhman Special Steel expand its size and market...

Welding Process Details about QU Crane Rail

Welding Process Details about QU Crane Rail With the development of China’s port industry, the crane’s lifting tonnage and operating efficiency are constantly expanding, and the adaptability to the QU crane rail is also put forward higher requirements. In the past, the way of connecting the QU crane rails through the fishplates has limited the running speed of the crane. Especially with the increase of the running speed of the crane, the impact of the fishplate joint on the crane roller is large, which affects the service life of the roller. The connection of the QU crane rail to the fishplate connection to welding is precisely to meet this requirement, in order to achieve the purpose of improving the comprehensive economic benefits of port loading and unloading. Compared with the fishplate connection, the welding method has strong integrity, high reliability, without post-maintenance cost, and can be adapted to the crane’s operating mechanism to the maximum extent, but there are also...

Measures to Maintain Accuracy of Crane Rail Installation

Measures to Maintain Accuracy of Crane Rail Installation The cleanliness installation of the bridge crane rail is an important factor to ensure its safe operation. However, its solid reliability is an important condition that cannot be ignored. When the overhead crane brakes, a longitudinal thrust is generated. If the car brakes, a lateral thrust is generated. If the large and small cars are braking at the same time, a combined braking force is generated to subject the track to an oblique thrust. If the crane rail square steel is installed with one side generally higher than the other side, the overhead crane will move to the lower side as a whole, which will increase the lateral force that the crane rail square steel is subjected to. Thereby, the rail pressing plate is loosened and detached under the action of the above-mentioned forces, and the crane rail square steel is displaced accordingly, causing the bridge crane to run the ramp, the cart is twisted, shaken, unable to stabiliz...

New technology for Fixed Welding about Crane Rail

New technology for Fixed Welding about Crane Rail The traditional rail fixing technology is a hard fixed rail installation process in which the crane rail flat bar is directly laid on the bottom of the track groove, and the pressure plate is directly fixed on the embedded bolt. This connection method has disadvantages such as unevenness of the track groove bottom. The new technology of crane rail flat bar fixed welding has solved the shortcomings of the traditional rail fixing technology in use. The new technology of crane rail flat bar fixed welding requires that the crane rail flat bar be welded end to end to form an integral track, eliminating the vibration generated by the rail interface. The steel rail is fixed by the steel rail elastic platen. The 9100 series of pressure plate used with the QU100 rail consists of a pressure plate base, a pressure plate clamp, a high-strength bolt, a nut and a flat washer. The long groove formed on the upper side of the pressure plate clamp can a...

nternational Flat Steel Market Is Expected to Rebound in September

nternational Flat Steel Market Is Expected to Rebound in September In August, the global steel market continued to differentiate, and the overall performance was down. The European market, which was affected by both weak demand and pressure from export resources, continued to bottom out in August. In the North American market, after the US steel mills announced the closure of several blast furnaces, they raised the price and pushed up the market. In August, the flat steel   and suqare steel prices in the US market began to rise, and the long profile prices and import prices continued to decline. In the Asian market, prices fell in August, and China’s domestic steel market fell by 4.7% month-on-month. Looking ahead to September, we expect the global steel market to rebound moderately. The weak economy has led to a recovery in demand for steel in Europe. In addition, strict US steel import controls have also led to the selection of global steel export resources in the European marke...

Length Extension Welding Process of Crane Rail Square Bar

Length Extension Welding Process of Crane Rail Square Bar With the development of the crane industry technology, the whole crane rail square bar design of cranes at home and abroad has adopted more and more steel rail design schemes. The continuity of the whole rail provides more direct and fundamental optimization conditions for the smoothness of crane load operation, which overcomes the influence of the crane rail square bar butt joint error (crane rail square bar height difference, crane rail square bar side straightness) when the rail adopts straight edge or the 45° mitre cutting to invoid the vibration generated by the crane trolley load running to the rail interface and the large compressive stress phenomenon caused by bottom support of the rail interface. support. This optimization provides a new topic for the process level. Because the length of the standard rail is limited, to achieve the design requirements of the entire rail, the long welding of the rail is imperative. The ...

Global Dockyards Have Fewer and Fewer Orders

Global Dockyards Have Fewer and Fewer Orders As of early August 2019, global handheld orders accounted for approximately 10% of the existing fleet (GT), a ratio that has created the lowest level in the past 20 years. Glory Steel could offer CCSA shipbuilding plate for dockyards. At the same time, global hand-held orders have fallen by nearly 60% in 10 years, and global hand-held orders have fallen to their lowest level in the past 15 years. According to a recent report issued by Clarkson, in the world’s top 10 shipowners (ranked by the total tonnage of the fleet in early August), Korean shipowners’ orders accounted for the highest proportion of existing fleets, which reached 24%. Especially in the container ship sector, Korean shipowners’ container ships accounted for 62% of the existing fleet, which thanks to the 20 super-large container ships that Hyundai Merchant Marine had ordered in 2018. However, South Korean shipowners hold only 9% of the world’s total hand-held orders, ranking...

Narrow Gap Arc Welding of 45 Degree Mitre Cutting Crane Rails

Narrow Gap Arc Welding of 45 Degree Mitre Cutting Crane Rails Usually, the end faces of the welded lifting rails are perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the rail, but in a few cases, non-perpendicular conditions may occur. Some customers require 45 degree mitre cutting crane rails . The intention of using the 45 degree mitre cutting crane rails is to reduce the impact on the rails when the crane is walking. Practices have shown that this can reduce the damage to a certain extent, but the impact problem cannot be completely solved. The 45 degree mitre cutting crane rails also exist in certain problems, and the rail joint is prone to lateral misalignment when it’s subjected to the expansion rail pressure. Therefore, the solution to the problem is to weld the 45 degree mitre crane rails into seamless crane rails . Since the end face of the crane rail is inclined, the conventional flash butt welding, air pressure welding and aluminum heat can not be completed. Because if you wan...

Weak Demand Caused Pressure on European Steel Market

Weak Demand Caused Pressure on European Steel Market Currently, the European steel market is facing pressure from weak demand, market protectionism and continued high prices for iron ore and coking coal. According to the report of the European Iron and Steel Association, the apparent consumption of steel in the EU 28 countries fell by 2.5% year-on-year to 42.6 million tons due to weak manufacturing. Inventory construction in the distribution chain was lower than the same period last year, which exacerbated the negative trend of end-user steel consumption. In view of the downward trend from the first quarter of this year, the European Iron and Steel Association expects that the apparent consumption of EU steel will fall by 0.6% year-on-year in 2019. Glory Steel could offer A36 steel plate . square steel . In response to the dilemma, the European steel industry is cutting production capacity. Among them, ArcelorMittal has adjusted its production plan and reduced its production in Europe....

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of S355 Steel Welded Joints

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of S355 Steel Welded Joints S355 square steel bar is a kind of low alloy high strength structural steel produced in accordance with European standards. S355 steel square bar has strict requirements on chemical composition, strength, plasticity and low temperature toughness. S355 steel square bar is widely used in electric power, construction, bridges, and pressure vessel welding structures, and is also used in railway vehicle manufacturing. At present, China is implementing the high-speed railway passenger transportation strategy, the train running speed is greatly improved, and the steering frame will bear a greater dynamic load. Therefore, higher requirements are placed on the mechanical properties of the welded components, and the performance of the welded joints directly affects the safety and reliability of high-speed railway passenger cars. The tensile test results of the front fillet weld cross joint of S355 square steel bar can be seen...

Global Steel Sheet Demand Is Expected to Grow Steadily

Global Steel Sheet Demand Is Expected to Grow Steadily On April 18th, Edwin Basson, director-general of the World Steel Association, said that global steel sheet demand is expected to maintain steady growth over the long term, growing at a compound annual growth rate of 1%. The peak has been reached. Overall, we can see that steel sheet demand is growing positively and turning more to developing countries. The steel sheet market is very strong and demand is expected to increase slightly from the current 1.7 billion tons per year.By 2040, global steel demand is expected to grow steadily to 2 billion tons. Earlier this week, the World Steel Association predicted that global steel sheet demand would increase by 1.3% to 1.735 billion tons in 2019, a significant increase from last year’s 2.1%, while last year’s significant increase in demand was mainly driven by Chinese demand. The World Steel Association estimates that global steel sheet demand will be 1.752 billion tons in 2020, a year-...

Welding of Crane Rail Flat Steel and Q235 Steel

Welding of Crane Rail Flat Steel and Q235 Steel The fixing of the crane rail flat steel is not fixed by the common pressing plate, but the crane rail steel flat is welded to the bottom plate, and then the bottom plate is bolted to the upper steel structure of the slow cooling pit, so that the crane rail flat steel can be fixed to the upper steel structure of the slow cooling pit. The higher carbon equivalent causes strong harden tendency of the workpiece during the rapid cooling process after welding, and a hard and brittle martensite structure appears in the heat affected zone of the base metal, especially near the weld line. Under the action of welding stress, the tensile strength of the hard and brittle martensite structure is exceeded, causing it to crack and generate cold cracks. Welding of crane rail flat steel and Q235 low carbon steel belongs to dissimilar steel welding. Q235 steel is a kind common carbon structural steel with good weldability. The crane rail flat steel is usu...

Why did India Return to the Ranks of Net Steel Importer?

Why did India Return to the Ranks of Net Steel Importer? Although India has repeatedly raised its domestic steel production capacity target, it has recently encountered a bit of frustration on the road to realizing the dream of a big steel country. According to the latest data released by India, in the fiscal year of 2019 (April 1, 2018 to March 31, 2019), India’s finished steel exports amounted to 6.36 million tons, down 34% year-on-year. In the same period, imports of finished steel products increased by 4.7% to 7.84 million tons. Exports failed to outperform imports. And after three years, India once again became a net importer of steel. For India, which is trying hard to develop the local steel industry and wants to increase the self-sufficiency rate of steel, this set of data will bring more or less frustration. Glory Steel export steel products all over the world, like SS355 hot rolled steel square bar , hot rolled steel flat bar, etc. In recent years, in order to get rid of the ...

New Design about Crane Rail Flat Bar Inspection Device

New Design about Crane Rail Flat Bar Inspection Device Crane rail flat bar detection requires the detector to be as smooth as possible to reduce vibration and shaking during operation. The overall center of gravity should be as close as possible to the top of the crane rail flat bar and near the center axis of the crane rail flat bar to keep the unit stable. The target of the reflective target should be as close as possible to the center line of the top surface of the crane rail flat bar and ensure that the light is not blocked by itself when measuring. The crane rail flat bar clamping device of the instrument clamps the side of the rail through the guide wheel to maintain the running posture, and a spring urging mechanism is used to maintain the tension of the guide wheel to facilitate the passage of the rail joint and the unevenness of the side of the rail. The detector components are mainly designed with positioning components, clamping components, proximity switches, front wheel c...

Peak Price in US Steel Industry Is Hard to Continue

Peak Price in US Steel Industry Is Hard to Continue US President Trump’s steel tariffs have brought the US steel industry to a high-light moment in the past 10 years in 2018. Steel prices have remained at a high level, and corporates profitabilites have set records. However, as the market gradually returned to rationality, US steel prices have declined significantly since the beginning of the year, and steel companies’ earnings in the second quarter were lower than expected. Glory Steel could offer 30x 50 hot rolled steel square bar for crane manufacturers or users. Even with the protection of taxes, high-cost producers are feeling the pressure on the market, and US Steel has announced a cut in production. At the same time, driven by good earnings in 2018, US steel producers have restarted their previous idle capacity and made new investments. Some analysts believe that US steel production capacity will increase significantly in the next two years, and new pressure on market prices. T...

New Detection Method for Crane Rail Square Bar

New Detection Method for Crane Rail Square Bar Crane rail square bar—With the expansion of industrial production scale, the application of cranes in modern production is getting bigger and bigger, and the requirements of cranes are getting higher and higher. One of the main problems in crane operation is the crane rail square bar gnawing. When the crane rail square bar gnawing is severe, it may cause derailment accident. Therefore, regular inspection of the crane rail square bar is of great significance. The crane rail square bar detection parameters stipulated by the national standard mainly include the straightness in the horizontal plane of the monorail and the vertical plane in the vertical plane, and the span and height difference in the same section of the double rail. Currently, testing is based on two methods, namely laser alignment and total station method. The former detection is easy, but for large-span crane rail square bar, the image of the spot appears fluttering and ri...

Control of Welding Deformation of Crane Rail Square Steel

Control of Welding Deformation of Crane Rail Square Steel The pre-padded height of the crane rail square steel bar end is determined according to the type of the rail, the length and the fixing condition, and the ambient temperature. The copper pad and the carbon steel plate are used to underlay the crane rail square bar end 30mm to 40mm. With the adapting pieces, like bolts and pressure plates, we can tighten the nuts to fix the crane rail steel square bar to the rail beams, and set at least 4 fixing points near each rail joint. After welding the bottom of the track, loosen the platen, lower the padded portion of the rail end to 20mm, and then tighten the platen nut. After welding the waist portion of the crane rail square steel, gradually reduce the height of the mat. After the rail waist portion is welded, all the shim plates should be removed and the pressure plate should be loosened. At this time, the rail joint should have small upturn value. During the welding process, whethe...

South Korea’s Hot Rolled Steel Plate Production Will Decline this Year

South Korea’s Hot Rolled Steel Plate Production Will Decline this Year It is predicted that Korean domestic production of hot rolled steel plate will decline this year due to weak market demand. In the first half of the year, Korean domestic production of hot rolled steel plate was 6.048 million tons, a decrease of 4.8% year-on-year. The main reason for the reduction in production is the large-scale maintenance of related equipment, especially in September and October. Another reason is the recent weakening of demand in the domestic market in Korea. In the second half of this year, besides the small rebound in market demand in the construction industry, the consumption prospects of other downstream steel industries are bleak. However, considering the intensification of trade tensions between Japan and South Korea, South Korea may cut import of hot rolled steel plate, cold rolled steel sheets and pipes from Japan. Therefore, Korean hot rolled steel plate producers can appropriately adj...

Installation Knowledge about Crane Rail

Installation Knowledge about Crane Rail In engineering, the crane rail installation in an engineering field between machinery and civil engineering. Crane rail are often installed often by the plant construction side, but the cranes are often installed by the companies who have caran installation qualification. So the crane rail installation and the crane installation are often disconnected. Installation of rail beams and crane rail installation in engineering construction are often done by two majors (such as civil engineering and mechanical installation), and there is also a disconnect between these two majors. Therefore, it is difficult to ensure the quality of the crane rail installation. The quality of the crane rail installation directly affects the quality of the crane’s operation. Only by grasping the quality control from the source can the crane rail installation quality be guaranteed. There are two types of crane rail beams used for rails installation, one is a steel structu...

Global Steel Trade Has Grown Slowly in Recent Years

Global Steel Trade Has Grown Slowly in Recent Years From the perspective of global steel trade, since 2000, besides the 2008 financial crisis, global trade in bulk commodities has grown steadily. However, the volume of steel trade is subject to various factors. In the past five years, the increment has been limited and the growth rate has been slow. According to the export volume of varieties, in 2018, the export volume of hot rolled steel sheet and coils reached the highest, reaching 79 million tons, followed by steel ingots and semi-finished materials, reaching 60.2 million tons. The export volume of galvanized products reached 44.7 million tons. The export volume of steel pipes and fittings reached 41.3 million tons. Glory Steel could offer hot rolled steel sheet with various grades, like A36 hot rolled steel sheet, SS400 hot rolled steel sheet, etc. From a country perspective, in 2018, China’s net export of steel net exports reached 54.4 million tons, followed by Japan (29.8 milli...