Introduction of forged parts

A forging machine is used to apply pressure to the metal blank to produce plastic deformation to obtain a processing method for forgings with certain mechanical properties, certain shapes, and sizes. One of the two major components of forging. Forging can eliminate the looseness of the metal as-cast and welded holes, and the mechanical properties of forgings are generally better than those of castings of the same material. For the important parts of machinery with high load and severe working conditions, forged parts are mostly used except for simpler shapes that can be rolled, profiles, or welded parts.

According to the forming method, forged parts can be divided into:
① Open forging (free forging). Use impact or pressure to deform the metal between the upper and lower anvils (anvils) to obtain the required forgings. Forging ratios mainly include manual forging and mechanical forging.
②Closed mode forging. The metal blank is compressed and deformed in a forging die with a certain shape to obtain forgings, which can be divided into die forging, cold heading, rotary forging, and extrusion. According to the deformation temperature, forging can be divided into hot forging (processing temperature higher than the recrystallization temperature of the blank metal), warm forging (lower than the recrystallization temperature), and cold forging (normal temperature).

The materials used for forgings are mainly carbon steel and alloy steel with various compositions, followed by aluminum, magnesium, titanium, copper, etc., and their alloys. The original state of the material includes bar stock, ingot, metal powder, and liquid metal. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of the metal before deformation to the cross-sectional area after deformation is called the forging ratio. The correct choice of forging ratio has a lot to do with improving product quality and reducing costs.

Railroad rail fasteners are kinds of forged parts used to connect rails and sleepers (or other types of under-rail foundations) on the track and are also called intermediate connecting parts. Its function is to fix the rail on the sleeper, maintain the gauge and prevent the rail from moving vertically and horizontally relative to the sleeper. Railway rail fastener systems are divided into shrapnel fastener systems, gusset fastener systems, and spring strip fastener systems.

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